Bulging, Herniated, Slipped or Ruptured Discs
Located between each of the vertebra in the spinal column, discs act as shock absorbers for the spinal bones. A herniated disc (also called bulged, slipped or ruptured) is a fragment of the disc nucleus that is pushed out of the annulus, into the spinal canal through a tear or rupture in the annulus.
Sufferers usually feel a dull ache with stiffness and some sharp pain depending on the movement they are performing. People with this condition have a very tight muscular system from the lower back down to the feet. They typically can lead a sedentary or active lifestyle, however feel very restricted with their range of movement.
Tasks like bending forward, putting on shoes, house chores, shopping, getting in and out of a car, sitting or standing too long, and even sleeping can be challenging and painful.
- Pain medication, including medication for nerve pain.
Massage, Physiotherapy, Osteopathy or Acupuncture. - Hot or cold packs.
- Keep active.
- Exercises to strengthen muscles and improve posture.
- Surgery, such as discectomy or laminectomy.
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Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative disc disease is one of the most common causes of lower back and neck pain, and also one of the most misunderstood due to a lack of education from your practitioner. Anyone over the age of 40 will start to show signs of DDD. Simply put, degenerative disc disease refers to symptoms of back or neck pain caused by wear and tear on a spinal disc/s. In some cases, degenerative disc disease also causes weakness, numbness, and hot shooting pains in the arms or legs (radicular pain). Degenerative disc disease typically consists of a low level chronic pain with intermittent episodes of more severe pain.
- A low dull ache with some stiffness.
- People with this condition have a very tight muscular system from the lower back down to the feet.
- They generally have a sedentary lifestyle and feel very restricted
with movement.
Tasks like bending forward and backward, sitting or standing too long and even sleeping can occasionally be difficult.
- Pain management: NSAID’s, over the counter medicine or prescribed medication for nerve pain.
- Heat or cold packs.
- Gentle exercise and stretching.
- Physiotherapy.
- Referral to specialist.
- Surgery.
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Sciatica
Sciatic pain starts in your back and goes down your leg. It can be caused by anything that presses on your sciatic nerve or it’s nerve roots in the spine. Most of the time, sciatica is not caused by anything serious and goes away with time. But unfortunately if you don’t deal with it correctly it will keep returning.
- Usually stiffness and very sharp pain depending on the movement performed.
- People with this condition have a very tight muscular system from the lower back into the buttocks.
- They typically can lead a sedentary, active or very active lifestyle and feel very restricted with movement because of sharp, debilitating pain.
Tasks like bending forward, backward or rotation, putting on shoes, house chores, shopping, getting in and out of a car, sitting or standing too long and even walking and sleeping can be extremely difficult.
- Pain management: over the counter medicine or prescribed medication for nerve pain.
- Heat or cold packs.
- Gentle exercise and stretching.
- Physiotherapy.
- Referral to specialist.
- Surgery.
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Bursitis – Knee
Knee bursitis is a condition characterised by inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the knee joint and reduce friction between tissues. This inflammation can result from repetitive stress, injury, infection, or underlying conditions such as arthritis. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and limited mobility around the knee joint.
- Swelling and tenderness around the knee joint.
- Pain, especially with movement or pressure on the affected area.
- Warmth or redness over the knee.
- Limited range of motion in the knee.
- Difficulty with activities that involve bending or putting weight on the knees, such as walking, climbing stairs, or kneeling.
- Discomfort during rest, particularly when lying on the affected side.
- Potential impact on daily activities and quality of life due to pain and limited mobility.
- Risk of complications if left untreated, such as chronic inflammation or infection.
- Rest and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.
- Ice therapy to reduce swelling and pain.
- Nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief and inflammation reduction.
- Steroid injections into the bursa.
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Bursitis – Hips
Hip bursitis is a condition characterised by inflammation of the bursae, fluid-filled sacs that cushion the hip joint and reduce friction between tissues. This inflammation can result from overuse, injury, or underlying conditions such as arthritis.
- Pain and tenderness around the hip joint.
- Swelling and warmth over the affected area.
- Discomfort with movement, especially when walking or climbing stairs.
- Limited range of motion in the hip.
- Difficulty with activities that involve hip movement, such as walking, sitting, or getting up from a chair.
- Discomfort during rest, particularly when lying on the affected side.
- Impact on daily activities and quality of life due to pain and limited mobility.
- Risk of complications if left untreated, such as chronic inflammation or gait abnormalities.
- Rest and avoiding aggravating activities.
- Ice therapy to reduce swelling and pain.
- Medications: Paracetamol and Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Physiotherapy.
- Injections into the bursa.
- Surgery to remove or drain the bursa.
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Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, in which the tissues in the joint break down over time. It is the most common type of arthritis and is more common in people aged over 45.
Tasks like bending forward and backward, sitting or standing for too long and even sleeping and getting in and out of bed can be difficult a lot of the time.
- Calcium and Vitamin D.
- Exercise.
- Medication.
- Referral to Rheumatologist.
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Osteoarthritis – Hips
Osteoarthritis in the hips is a degenerative joint disease characterised by the breakdown of cartilage in the hip joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. This condition commonly develops with age or as a result of injury or overuse.
- Persistent pain in the hip joint, especially during movement or weight-bearing activities.
- Stiffness and reduced flexibility in the hip joint, particularly after periods of
inactivity. - Swelling and tenderness around the hip joint.
- Audible or palpable sensations of grating or grinding within the hip joint (crepitus).
- Difficulty with activities that involve hip movement, such as walking, standing from a seated position, or climbing stairs.
- Discomfort during rest, particularly when lying on the affected side.
- Impact on daily activities and quality of life due to pain and limited mobility.
- Emotional distress or frustration associated with chronic pain and functional
limitations.
- Pain medications such as acetaminophen or non -steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- Physiotherapy.
- Assistive devices, such as canes or walkers.
- Corticosteroid injections into the hip joint.
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Meniscus
Meniscus pain occurs when the cartilage-like discs, called menisci, in the knee joint are injured or damaged. Symptoms include localised pain, swelling, stiffness, and difficulty with knee movement. Pain may worsen with activities that involve twisting or bending the knee.
- Pain, often localised to the inner or outer side of the knee.
- Swelling and stiffness in the knee joint.
- Popping or clicking sensations.
- Difficulty straightening or fully bending the knee.
- Discomfort with weight-bearing activities like walking, running, or squatting.
- Impaired mobility and limitations in daily activities.
- Risk of further injury or exacerbation if left untreated.
- Rest and avoiding aggravating activities.
- Ice therapy to reduce swelling and pain.
- Medications: Paracetamol and Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Physiotherapy.
- Surgery.
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Non-Specific Lower Back Pain
LBP can be specific or non-specific. Specific LBP is pain that is caused by a certain disease or structural problem in the spine, or when the pain radiates from another part of the body. Non-specific LBP is when it isn’t possible to identify a specific disease or structural reason to explain the pain, muscle and ligament strains.
- Usually a low dull ache with some stiffness below or above the lower back that radiates to the lower back.
- People with this condition have a very tight muscular system from the lower back down to the feet. They generally have a sedentary lifestyle and feel very restricted with movement.
Tasks like bending forward and backward, sitting or standing for too long and even
sleeping can occasionally be difficult.
- Pain Medications: Paracetamol, NSAID’s and Opioids.
- Manipulation, mobilisation, massage, electrotherapist, psychological therapies and acupuncture.
- Exercise.
- Heat.
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Shoulder Bursitis
Shoulder bursitis is inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions and reduces friction between the bones, tendons, and muscles in the shoulder joint. This inflammation can occur due to repetitive movements, trauma, or underlying conditions such as arthritis.
- Pain and tenderness around the shoulder joint.
- Swelling and warmth over the affected area.
- Discomfort with movement, especially when raising the arm or reaching overhead.
- Limited range of motion in the shoulder.
- Difficulty with activities that involve shoulder movement, such as reaching, lifting,
or carrying objects. - Discomfort during sleep, particularly when lying on the affected side.Impact on daily activities and quality of life due to pain and limited shoulder
function. - Risk of complications if left untreated, such as chronic inflammation or
impingement of nearby structures.
- Rest and avoiding aggravating activities.
- Ice therapy to reduce swelling and pain.
- Pain Medication.
- Physiotherapy.
- Corticosteroid injections into the bursa.
- Surgery.
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Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is a condition that occurs when one vertebral body slips with respect to the adjacent vertebral body causing radicular or mechanical symptoms or pain. It is graded based on the degree of slippage of one vertebral body on the adjacent vertebral body
- Stiffness and very sharp pain depending on the movement they are performing.
- People with this condition have a very tight muscular system from the lower back down to the feet.
- They typically can lead a sedentary, active or very active lifestyle and feel very restricted with movement because of sharp pain.
Tasks like bending forward, backward or rotation, putting on shoes, house chores, shopping, getting in and out of a car, sitting or standing for too long and even sleeping can be difficult.
- Avoid doing heavy physical work and exercise.
- Avoid doing actives that make your pain worse.
- Medications: Paracetamol and NSAIDs.
- Physiotherapy.
- Surgery
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Spondylolysis
Spondylolysis is a stress fracture through the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebrae. The pars interarticularis is a thin bone segment joining two vertebrae. It is the most likely area to be affected by repetitive stress. This condition is fairly common and is found in 1 out of every 20 people.
- Usually a dull ache with stiffness and some sharp pain depending on the movement they are performing.
- People with this condition have a very tight muscular system from the lower back into the buttocks and hips.
- They typically can lead a sedentary or active lifestyle and feel very restricted with movement.
Tasks like bending backward, putting on shoes, house chores, shopping, getting in and out of a car, sitting or standing too long, excessive exercise and even sleeping can be difficult.
- Medication: NSAIDs
- Rest.
- Spinal Brace.
- Physiotherapy.
- Surgery.
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Rotator Cuff
Rotator cuff injuries in the shoulder are common and can result from overuse, trauma, or age-related degeneration. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilise and support the shoulder joint, allowing for smooth and coordinated movement. When these structures are damaged or inflamed, it can lead to pain, weakness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder.
- Pain in the shoulder, especially when reaching overhead or lifting objects.
- Weakness in the shoulder, making it difficult to perform activities that require arm movement.
- Limited range of motion in the shoulder joint, particularly with external rotation or abduction.
- Pain or discomfort at rest, particularly when lying on the affected side.
- Difficulty with activities that involve shoulder movement, such as reaching, lifting, or throwing.
- Discomfort during sleep, particularly when lying on the affected side.
- Impact on daily activities and quality of life due to pain and limited shoulder function.
- Risk of further injury or worsening symptoms if left untreated.
- Rest and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.
- Ice therapy to reduce swelling and pain.
- Pain Medication: Paracetamol and NSAID’s
- Physiotherapy.
- Corticosteroid injections into the shoulder joint.
- Referral to specialist.
- Surgery.
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ACL Pre & Post Surgery
ACL knee injuries occur when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee joint is damaged or torn. Symptoms may include instability, pain, swelling, and difficulty with knee movement. Activities involving sudden stops, pivoting, or changes in direction can exacerbate the discomfort.
- Instability in the knee joint, feeling like it may give way or buckle.
- Pain, often felt deep within the knee or along the joint line.
- Swelling and inflammation around the knee.
- Limited range of motion and difficulty bearing weight on the affected knee.
- Feeling of insecurity or unsteadiness in the knee, impacting daily activities and sports participation.
- Persistent pain and swelling, hindering mobility and quality of life.
- Increased risk of further injury or damage to other structures in the knee if left
untreated.
- Rest and avoidance of activities that strain the knee.
- Use of ice therapy to reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
- Administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief and inflammation reduction.
- Participation in physical therapy programs focused on strengthening the muscles around the knee and improving joint stability.
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition characterised by weakened bones that are diagnosed as more susceptible to fractures. Occurring when the bone density and quality deteriorate over time becoming more brittle and fragile. Can typically progress undetected until a fracture occurs.
- Back pain, fractures or collapsed vertebrae.
- Loss of height over time due to compression in the spine
- Stooped posture (kyphosis) or curvature of the spine.
- Fractures, especially in the hip, spine, wrist or other bones, often resulting from minor falls of bumps.
- Fear of falls, fractures, disability and loss of independence.
- Associated pain due to kyphosis, compressed or curved spine.
- Emotional distress and anxiety related to the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis
- Calcium and Vit D supplementation
- Medications and hormone replacement therapy.
- Regular bone density testing and monitoring.
- Modifications of home living and assisted devices
- Weight baring and strengthening exercise.
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